Ovarian cancer is among the top 5 leading causes of cancer deaths in women. Often known as the silent killer because it can develop with few or no early symptoms. It begins in the ovaries.  Early detection greatly improves survival outcomes.

Ovarian cancer mostly affects women over age 50, but can occur at any age.

The survival rate significantly increases with early detection.

There is no reliable routine screening test for ovarian cancer for women at average risk.

Recognize the Warning Signs

Many symptoms are subtle and easily mistaken for common conditions, but persistent or unusual signs should not be ignored:

  • Bloating or abdominal swelling
  • Pelvic or abdominal pain
  • Feeling full quickly when eating
  • Frequent urination
  • Unexplained fatigue or back pain
  • Changes in menstrual cycle or unusual vaginal bleeding.

N/B:  These symptoms persisting for more than a few weeks should prompt a visit to a healthcare provider.

Who is at Risk?

Higher risks are associated with: 

  • Have a family history of ovarian, breast, or colorectal cancer
  • Carry BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations
  • Have never been pregnant
  • Are over the age of 50
  • Had early menstruation or late menopause
  • Use hormone replacement therapy for long periods

Tips for Prevention and Early Action

  • Know Your Family History:Inform your doctor if any close relatives had ovarian or breast cancer.
  • Genetic Testing & Counseling:Women with a strong family history should consider BRCA gene testing.
  • Regular Pelvic Exams:While not specific to ovarian cancer, regular gynecological exams can help detect abnormalities early.
  • Healthy Lifestyle:Maintain a healthy weight, eat a balanced diet, and avoid smoking. Some studies suggest that oral contraceptives may lower ovarian cancer risk—discuss with your doctor.
  • Report Persistent Symptoms Promptly:Don't ignore unusual or prolonged symptoms. Early medical evaluation can be lifesaving.
  • Risk-Reducing Surgery:Women at high risk (e.g., BRCA carriers) may opt for preventive surgery (e.g., removal of ovaries) after consultation with a specialist.